Doherty threshold
Past about 400ms with no response, people feel the app stall and lose the thread.
HowAnswer every action inside roughly 400ms with a skeleton, an optimistic update, or motion.
Fitts's law
Small targets in the corners are missed taps and quiet frustration.
HowPrimary targets at least 44pt, in the natural thumb zone, never tucked under the chrome.
Forgiveness
One wrong tap should never be permanent.
HowGive every destructive action an undo, or a clear confirm before it happens.
Recognition over recall
A blank field asks the user to remember. A good field reminds them.
HowSurface recent and likely choices before asking anyone to type.
Progressive disclosure
Showing everything at once buries the small part that matters right now.
HowOpen on the common case. Put the rest behind More, a chevron, or a second screen.
Hick's law
Too many choices at once stalls the decision.
HowKeep a primary surface to about seven options. Beyond that, group, filter, or search.
Peak-End rule
People remember the peak and the ending, not the average.
HowGive each flow an intentional opening and a satisfying close, never a silent drop back to a list.
Zeigarnik effect
Unfinished work nags, but only if the user can see it.
HowShow incomplete progress when they return: 3 of 5 done, draft saved a moment ago.
Goal-gradient effect
Effort rises near a visible finish. Hide the finish and it does not.
HowShow progress, and let it visibly accelerate as completion nears.
Calm technology
An app that interrupts for everything gets muted for everything.
HowDefault to ambient signals. Reserve notifications and modals for time-sensitive, high-stakes moments.